Shops and Shopping in Victorian England :: European Europe History

Shops and Shopping in Victorian England  As the number of inhabitants in London developed during the nineteenth century, the methods for creation and conveyance would need to change to address the issues of the expanding masses. Before this period merchandise and items generally were gotten at business sectors or fairs. From a nation which had been dominatingly agrarian and independent in fundamental wares, England turned into an incredible assembling community. The modern towns of the North and Midlands created and England was the workshop of the world, the business sectors for her items being guaranteed by the developing needs of the pioneers of her Empire (Borer 253). Not exclusively was the developing Empire a tremendous market for England's merchandise; yet inside England, London specifically, we can see observations about items and individuals' shopping rehearses start to advance. It is now in history that Raymond Williams in his work, Culture and Society: 1780-1950, marks the move in the significance of industry. Industry, before this period, was a name for a specific human quality, which could be reworded as 'ability, assiduity, persistence, tirelessness'. . . . industry came likewise to mean something different; an aggregate word for our assembling and profitable establishments, and for their general exercises (xi). With this move we can start to see a more grounded accentuation on Industry and creation in Victorian England. The final product of a more prominent focus on creation is a tremendous increment in merchandise. This adjustment in intuition, combined with England's disregard of its farming interests, would compel a huge number of individuals off the land and into industry. Fairs and markets could not, at this point address the issues of the English open and shops started to manifest as another approach to circulate the merchandise of this system of large scale manufacturing. Inside this fateful opening we can start to see the improvement another type of specialists, the go between. Go betweens played out an interesting capacity in an economy that had before relied upon work based items. The go betweens would bring in their cash off the perspiration of others and their administrations comprised of receiving benefits with negligible physical effort. These new variety of shippers made their work by purchasing and selling for himself or others on commission; conjecturing; managing in cash and credit; and protecting merchandise and ships moving products. In the writing of the time we can see the delineations of these parasitic, investors in not the most complimenting terms. Shops and Shopping in Victorian England :: European Europe History Shops and Shopping in Victorian England  As the number of inhabitants in London developed during the nineteenth century, the methods for creation and dispersion would need to change to address the issues of the expanding masses. Before this period merchandise and items generally were gotten at business sectors or fairs. From a nation which had been transcendently agrarian and independent in basic wares, England turned into an incredible assembling community. The modern towns of the North and Midlands created and England was the workshop of the world, the business sectors for her items being guaranteed by the developing needs of the pioneers of her Empire (Borer 253). Not exclusively was the developing Empire a tremendous market for England's merchandise; however inside England, London specifically, we can see recognitions about items and individuals' shopping rehearses start to advance. It is now in history that Raymond Williams in his work, Culture and Society: 1780-1950, marks the move in the importance of industry. Industry, before this period, was a name for a specific human characteristic, which could be reworded as 'ability, assiduity, tirelessness, determination'. . . . industry came likewise to mean something different; an aggregate word for our assembling and gainful establishments, and for their general exercises (xi). With this move we can start to see a more grounded accentuation on Industry and creation in Victorian England. The final product of a more prominent fixation on creation is a huge increment in merchandise. This adjustment in deduction, combined with England's disregard of its farming interests, would compel a huge number of individuals off the land and into industry. Fairs and markets could not, at this point address the issues of the English open and shops started to manifest as another approach to circulate the merchandise of this componen t of large scale manufacturing. Inside this lucky opening we can start to see the improvement another type of businesspeople, the go between. Go betweens played out an interesting capacity in an economy that had before relied upon work based items. The brokers would bring in their cash off the perspiration of others and their administrations comprised of receiving benefits with negligible physical effort. These new variety of traders made their business by purchasing and selling for himself or others on commission; conjecturing; managing in cash and credit; and safeguarding merchandise and ships moving products. In the writing of the time we can see the delineations of these parasitic, investors in not the most complimenting terms.

Trust and Equity Law Instruments of Fraud

Question: Portray about the Trust and Equity Law of Instruments of Fraud. Answer: In the given circumstance Sanjeev before his demise had caused a legitimate will to and gave upon his girl Ishani the ranch on the Isle of Wright along with every one of its substance and to Amal his cousin all of 30,000 offers in Harcombe Plc. Darshan and Jamil, then again, guarantee that before his demise Sanjeev had guaranteed Darshan the homestead on the Isle of Wright by method of composing and to Jamil the 30,000 offers in Harcombe Plc. According to Amal, be that as it may, the offer exchange structures had just been finished by Sanjeev in support of him, and was anticipating just the affirmation the Board of Directors of the Company. The Law of Probate expresses that a departed benefactor who needs to desert his property in a trust must make reference to equivalent to his expectation in the will. In any case, there might be a mystery trust if the departed benefactor isn't happy to name the recipient in whose favor he needs to desert the property freely. In this circumstance on the will he makes the endowment of the property to the recipients named in that anyway makes reference to it to them then they will hold the property for recipients who are anonymous. There have been doctrinal troubles with the mystery trust acknowledgment as there is contradiction that is evident with the Wills Act 1837, Section 9. It is required under this Section every single testamentary air are to be marked by the deceased benefactor and ought to be recorded as a hard copy alongside the observer. Hence in the given instance of Sanjeev's declaration, it is conceivable that there is a mystery believe that has been shaped by Sanjeev in th e kindness of Darshan and Jameel. This mystery trust is essentially of two sorts (an) a completely mystery trust the completely seceret trust's legitimacy had been acknowledged and built up on account of McCormick versus Gorgan[1] by the House of Lords and (b) a half mystery trust is where the presence of the equivalent shows up in the will. In any case, there are no proper terms that show up in it. In the given circumstance of Darsh and Jameel, it could be a completely mystery anyway there are sure measures that should be consented to for it to be a mystery trust, in the given case for the trust to exist all the rules have not been fulfilled. In a trust that is completely mystery trust the desire of trust and its terms are not referenced in the will. The oral proof of trustee and deceased benefactor is adequate for the most part in these sorts of trust. Nonetheless, there ought to be a goal with respect to the deceased benefactor for the production of such trust. In any case, it must be noticed that on account of such trust it is essential that there ought to be correspondence of the goal to the trustee, and either impliedly or explicitly there must be acknowledgment by the trustee of the equivalent. There probably been an aim with respect to the deceased benefactor to make a trust in this structure, and there more likely than not been correspondence of the trust and its terms to the trustee who has been proposed before the will's execution, these terms likewise ought to have been acknowledged by the trustee. It was held on account of Blackwell versus Blackwell[2] that there are three essential components to this mystery trust (a) goal, (b) correspondence and (c) passive consent. The expectation of the departed benefactor is that the whole blessing ought to be used in a way will and not the wants of the done, this aim is advised to the donee and either by method of implied or express guarantee which is demonstrated through quiet submission, there is support by the proposed accomplished for handing down of cash in the confidence that there is a completing of the aim. Anyway due to there being an absence of proof regarding the terms and presence there is a slight clumsiness in completely mystery trust.[3] The test for demonstrating whether a completely mystery trust was in presence was set out on account of Ottaway versus Norman[4]. This test it that the individual to whom there is an inconvenience of the trust is the essential donee' and under the trust the recipient will be the optional d onee'. Components that are fundamental to be demonstrated are (I) there more likely than not been an aim with respect to the deceased benefactor for oppressing the essential donee with the commitment which is in the optional donee's kindness; (ii) the goal ought to be imparted to the essential donee; and (iii) the commitment must be acknowledged by the essential donee shrink by quiet submission. It anyway not material whether the components succeed or go before the contributor's will. In this way for a completely mystery trust to legitimate, it is to be demonstrated that an expectation was there to make the trust which was imparted to the trustee, and these commitments had been acknowledged by the trustee. Expectation as one of the prerequisites applies to the completely mystery confides in a similar way as it applies to other trusts.[5] The subsequent prerequisite is that of correspondence to the trustee of both the terms just as the mystery trust to the trustee this might be done after the will has been composed anyway it must be preceding the passing of the person[6] in the event that there is no correspondence, at that point the trust would be void. Kay J. on account of Re Boyes[7] opined that correspondence implies that there ought to be an opportunity given to the trustee for declining the workplace, and all things considered, after death, the equivalent can't be done.[8] Lastly, it is vital that the trustee acknowledges his office. For the situation Wallgrave versus Tebbs[9] the two habits wherein this should be possible was set out by Wood VC when he stated[10] that where an individual realizes that mien is being made by departed benefactor in support of him the goal of the equivalent is application for purposes that are for benefits other than his, either guarantees explicitly, or by suggested quiet that the expectation of the deceased benefactor will be done in this impact it is upon the confidence of that comprehension or guarantee that the property is left to him[11]. Along these lines the correspondence of the acknowledgment can be in two different ways either by direct expressing of the trustee of his acknowledgment or by not denying suggesting the same.[12] On account of Darshan and Jameel, the case of a mystery trust would be hard to build up as their should be consistence with the three necessities as set down in the instances of Ottaway and Blackwell. Anyway it appears from the realities of the case referenced that there was no suggestion that was given and in a completely mystery trust where in there are no words that force the trust for the situation that there is no correspondence to the legatee during the lifetime of the departed benefactor then the will produced results as being to the legate a helpful gift.[13] Also it appears that there was no open door that was given to the recipients under the Ishani and Amal and as given on account of Re Boyes wherein it was opined that two archives that were unattested would not be adequate for constitution correspondence of the trust's terms as there was no open door that was given to the trustee for denying the equivalent. Essentially in Darshan and Jameel's case however there is a compo sed letter and a clear offer exchange structure which as guaranteed by them had been given over to them by Sanjeev anyway these are unattested reports and there is no verification that comparable suggestion had been given to Ishani and Amal too. In this manner, it very well may be expressed that on account of Jameel and Darshan the main prerequisite that is being satisfied is that of aim of the deceased benefactor. Anyway from the realities, it appears that the equivalent has not been conveyed, and neither has there been acknowledgment of this trust. The goal has anyway been built up with sureness as he has given recorded as a hard copy to Darsh the homestead at the Isle of Wright and to anyway what isn't obviously shown that Sanjeev needed to name Ishani and Amal as essential donee to hold as the trust for Jameel and Darshan. For the situation Re Snowden[14] it was held that correspondence must be of both the details of the trust and the realities of the trust, conveying the trusts degree and this correspondence is required to be made before the deceased benefactors death.[15] It is required for the trustee proposed to acknowledge to hold the property as trust. In Jameel and Darshans case from the reality it appears that th e two Ishani and Amal had not been made mindful of the way that the property was to be held in trust and that there was goal with respect to Sanjeev to have it moved to Jameel and Darshan, because of absence of proof in regards to a similar it is hard to set up that a mystery trust existed for Jameel and Darshan. There are anyway two hypotheses that can be utilized to legitimize the circumstance for Jameel and Darshan. The main hypothesis is the extortion hypothesis. This hypothesis depends on the way that the rule will not be allowed by value to be utilized as an instrument of extortion. The refusal of trust is forestalled under the activity of misrepresentation hypothesis dependent on legal conventions that are unsuitable. It was on account of Rouchefoucauld v. Boustead[16] that this hypothesis picked up help. The other hypothesis is that of Dehors the Will Theory which it is contended that the activity of the mystery trust is outside the will. Be that as it may, both these speculations are truly inconsistent regarding the acknowledgment of proof and can't be depended on for this situation as there is no proof of the way that there was correspondence with the donee under the will Ishani and Amal that such trust would exist. Taking everything into account, it very well may be expressed that there was no mystery trust between the gatherings as, if there is a mystery trust, it is important that there ought to be a proof for making it enforceable. This can be a composed or oral proof yet as in an express trust should unmistakably show that there is an aim for the making of the trust.[17] Just negligible expectation or words that are precatory are not sufficient.[18] For the situation of Jameel and Amal, it tends to be said that there was an insignificant expectation that a mystery trust would exist however insufficient proof to demonstrate the equivalent. Further as talked about correspondence

$100 laptop by John Quelch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

$100 PC by John Quelch - Essay Example He required interest in each million in turn by a country in Laptop and including all consumptions, the sticker price could go to $ 200 million to $ 250 million. Negroponte chose not to wander into creation until he has solid duties from governments to purchase at any rate 5,000,000 machines outside the USA. Contenders were progressively bringing down their item costs with no such limitation. The main problem was the move in innovation. The developing markets were probably going to be remote driven instead of PC-driven. Subsequently it was increasingly practical to appropriate web empowered mobile phones to kids for instruction instead of attempting to fabricated and disseminate Wi-FI empowered work systems with gave or sponsored Laptops as was being finished by OLPC. The issue was of problematic development and market advancement. OLPC is confronting a wide range of difficulties and shifted circumstances both inside and in the outer condition. In the table underneath is the rundown of the couple of generally pertinent and significant realities concerning OLPC. SWOT investigation is the best device that gives the structure to the examination of the business condition. It is viewed as progressively compelling in light of the fact that, as it were, it consolidates the Porters five powers with the PEST investigation. It requires cautious prioritization of solid chances and dangers. Wrong choice may prompt more fragile chances and dangers coming in the investigation. SWOT investigation gives both inner and outside examination and gives a basic investigation of qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers. It helps associations in building up its procedures like SO that underlines on using qualities to catch the chances. WT methodology centers around limiting shortcomings and dangers. ST methodology centers around utilizing qualities in limiting danger though WS technique is centered around limiting shortcomings while concentrating on qualities. Similarly, openings can be used to limit shortcoming WO and dangers OT relying upon the system of th e organization. (Gerry Johnson, 2008).

GRE Tutoring Building Vocabulary for the Verbal Sections

As a GRE tutor, I have worked with many students who believe that they have a large vocabulary and they typically do, but they lose points on the GRE because they do not know the official definition of a word. The way we use words in spoken English isn’t always true to the original meaning. For example, take the word â€Å"momentarily†. How many times have you been on a train and heard the train announcer say: â€Å"We will be moving momentarily.† Well, this actually means: â€Å"We will be moving for a moment†, not the intended â€Å"We will be moving in a moment†. Due to the common misappropriation of language, our understanding and usage of vocabulary sometimes deviates from the official defintion. These distinctions matter on tests, so focusing your standadized test preparation on memmorizing (or re-learning) vocab helps. These kinds of traps are common on the GRE. To get started, download our Vocabulary hotlist. ; Now that you’re armed with every GRE word that could possibly show up on the test, we recommend that you: †¢ CreateGRE vocab flashcards. Yes, there are pre-made flashcards out there, but here’s the thing: They cost money and they just don’t work as well. Nothing beats index cards + an old-fashioned pencil (or pen) when it comes to vocab. †¢ Get started on avocab schedule. Even if you only write 2 or 3 new flashcards a day, that’s better than zero flashcards and it’s better than buying a whole stack and cramming for a week. You may be wondering: How do I pick the most important words off this enormously long list? This is where a tutor can help you. Cambridge Coaching’s GRE tutors have seen hundreds of GRE problems and they can help you hone in on key vocabulary. ;

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International Organizational Feuds Acts Of Aggression

International organizational feuds: acts of aggression? In this paper I will take an in depth look at recent state sanctioned Chinese cyber-attacks against United States organizations and agencies. These attacks have had profound effects, ultimately altering structures and processes. Government officials are calling for millions of dollars in training and defense measures, while many are now becoming aware of a new type of threat. The inter-organizational relationships, external environment, and ecosystem have also been denaturized. I will also take a look at scholarly definitions of war and how they may be applied to the issue at hand. Finally, I will examine the United Nation’s doctrine and deem whether these attacks should be considered aggressive acts made by China, and what may result. Before state sanctioned cyber-attacks against U.S. organizations, infrastructure, and government can be analyzed, the concepts and environment surrounding the issue must be explored. These concepts include the traditional theoretical views of war and armed conflict, the current definitions of cyber-warfare, and the relationship of armed conflict and law in the changing landscape of the twenty-first century. Many of these concepts are still actively debated today due to building and breaking of relationships, evolving nature of cyber warfare, and the dynamism phenomenon or state of the environment, which Daft (2016) defines as â€Å"stable or unstable, simple or complex† (p.146). InShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesinteresting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingeniousRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesIntroduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectations Social responsibility Culture Competitive strategy Strategic options: directions Corporate-level strategy International strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Strategic options: methods Strategy evaluation Strategic management process Organising Resourcing Managing change Strategic leadership Strategy in practice Public sector/not-for-proï ¬ t management Small business

Impact of Party Drugs on the Youth Culture free essay sample

Adolescence refers to the age group from 14 to 26 years. Ten percent of this age group use party drugs (Bennett, 2003). According to Arnett (2004) , this period of development is distinguished by five characteristics: identity exploration, instability, self-focus, a feeling of in-between and possibilities (Arnett, 2004, pg. 14). It is against these five characteristics that the impact of party drugs on the youth culture will be assessed. This essay will explore how the characteristics of adolescence place teenagers at risk from drug experimentation and how the perception of policy makers will influence the community’s response to the problem. The exploration of identity involves having a range of experiences that provides the adolescent with the means to assess the possibilities for the purpose of formulating a distinctive self-image. To do this requires that the teenager have a range of experiences that seem distinct from those experienced through their parents. This journey of exploration results in an introverted focus on self and a sense of becoming, of being caught in the middle. In the individualised cultures of western societies, this transition involves a separation from parents and the construction of an independent self-sufficient identity (Arnett, 2004). The instability can often manifest in ‘risky behaviours’. Although adolescence is a time for the construction of a unique self identity, it is also a time when a sense of belonging is engendered through common cultural construction. One subset of this cultural construction is the rave party scene that is a global phenomenon of the youth subculture (Shapiro, 1999). A rave party is often a large gathering of young people in an atmosphere where there is music and laser lights. This sub-culture is linked to the drug culture through party drugs such as ecstasy and ketamine. The effect of these drugs is to create a sense of wellbeing and a feeling of lightness. The choice to take drugs is an individual one and is part of the desire to escape from the pressures of adolescence. The rave party by its very nature is essentially a form of escape. What then are adolescences escaping from? The very nature of adolescence: the sense of being without identity, the lack of a mental framework to manage the adult world and the pressures of identity construction, create tensions in the person. This escapism is not confined to adolescences as many adults abuse alcohol and amphetamines as a means of escaping the pressures of the adult world. For many users, taking the drug is part of the risk behaviour of adolescence that has the pay-off of feelings of well-being. They do not se themselves as drug users as they do not view their use of party drugs as being a problem. This normalises drug use and makes it difficult for agencies to intervene (Duff, 2003). It is wrong however to assume that all users are escaping from something. One of the features of adolescence is the search for identity and self meaning. This search behaviour creates a heightened sense of curiosity in adolescents as they seek to make sense of self. This curiosity can evolve unconsciously to drug abuse through prolonged use as a result of the uplifting effects of the first experience. The need to fund the regular purchase of the drug can lead into dealing. Bad experiences often will not cause a rejection of the drug as these pale against the many pleasures that the individual has experienced. The chain of events can have dire consequences for the individual as a health problem becomes a criminal problem. The long term destruction that criminalisation of drugs causes to young people is good reason to see drug abuse as a health problem. Within party drug users there are the same segments that are feature of any drug user cross section. Some users abuse the drug and are at risk from overdose and dehydration. Others are more controlled and cautious in their use. This group is at risk from being unable to identify the ingredients of the drug that they are purchasing. One of the key problems with party drugs is the inability for the buyer to know the ingredients contained in the drug that they are purchasing (VAAD, 2003). Users of party drugs will tend to repeat their use on a regular basis. According to Baxter (2003) users are concerned that there is no means of determining the purity and reducing the level of risk. Males tend to use party drugs more frequently than females. This tends to indicate that there is greater gender difference where males are less risk averse. This trend is declining as more and more females are using party drugs. This trend reflects the emancipation of women and a stronger sense of independence amongst adolescent women. The traditional delineation of the rite of passage for the male and the female have become blurred in modern society. Women will often use drugs to challenge the traditional perceptions of their role in society. Within the community, there are people that see drug abuse as being criminal while others see it as a social and health problem. The criminal perspective adopts a punishment solution with rehabilitation. Such a position can have a long term effect on the individual due to problems faced with travel and employment. Community response is to increase policing and to use strategies such as sniffer dogs in public and undercover police at venues to catch the suppliers and users. Police raids will be conducted on rave parties. Such an approach marginalises the rave culture and runs the risk of impairing the social development of the individual. The perspective that sees the issue as a health issue seeks to develop preventative programmes that educate people. Greater understanding is sought for the motivation of young people for taking drugs through social research. Strategies for assisting at risk people are developed that provides for free, readily available access to health care and treatment. The health professional will often argue for the decriminalisation of the drug so that it can be obtained in a controlled manner and the purity of the product guaranteed. When considered against the characteristics of adolescence as provided by Arnett (2004), this approach appears to be the least detrimental to the social and personal development of the adolescent. Government programs, such as Ravesafe, adopt this approach. One of the prime reasons that this approach should prevail is that party drugs are seen by the user as being catalysts for self reflection and construction of identity. Their sense of self and social relationships results in a positive self-image which may be in contradiction to how they feel when in the adult world. The party drug tends to alleviate insecurity and doubt. Research has shown that there might be some overflow from the atmosphere of the rave party to real life. The need for early intervention arises from the research findings that drug abuse is often a precursor for youth suicide, crime and metal illness (VAAD, 2003). Interventionist strategies will view drug use as a problem which immediately places the interventionist in opposition to the youth culture. The clash between the pleasures of the drug and the potential harm of the drug creates a generational clash (Duff, 2003). To deal with the issue it is necessary to accept the reality of use and work on fostering environments that support safe use. If this is provided then it will reduce the ‘trial and error’ approach that is a feature of the risk behaviour of adolescents. VAAD (2003) found that the problem can be best solved through drug education that must resist seeing the youth culture as a homogeneous group. Adolescents involved in the rave scene come from a wide variety of backgrounds (Shapiro, 1999). Because there is little understanding of the attitudes of youth subgroups within the rave scene it is necessary for more research to be done (Baxter, 2003). In this way the content and approach of the drug education programme can directly appeal to the target segment. This will help in a more receptive response from the target group. In conclusion, the developmental characteristics of adolescence creates a natural disposition towards drug experimentation amongst some segments of teenagers. Party drugs are often seen as being part of the scene that assist in the integration of the individual with both self and the group that they belong to. Drug use can be used by the female gender to reconstruct identity. Given these features, the perspective that drug use should be a criminal offence resulting in punishment and long term consequences for the individual seems self defeating. The view that drug abuse has the potential to be a health problem will result in a community response that is more supportive to the individual. The safety of the drug can be established and the social stigma placed on adolescents can be removed. Social policy needs to consider the developmental characteristics of adolescence in its construction.

Rutgers Education free essay sample

It seems like a big welding pot in Rutgers which melted multiple cultures of different students from diverse backgrounds all over the world; especially therein the featured global village that aims to create the atmosphere to communicate with each other for international students is what I am pursuing in my academic study. On one hand, in modern society it’s necessary for us to make contact with various persons, thus it would definitely support my career in the future through primarily acquainting myself with conventions and customs of foreign peoples on the basis of solid knowledge foundation and excellent social international skills. On the other hand, as the tendency of business globalization becomes more and more popular, commercial trade among districts and areas would tremendously increase so as to develop respective advantages in virtue of others’; it is Rutgers that, I believe, would help me grow into a comprehensive professional in the field I would like to address while I could also exchange and disseminate the charming Chinese culture to all staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Rutgers Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More importantly, Rutgers is located nearby the developed cities of New York and Philadelphia and has been keeping touch with the industries around, so that the curriculum exquisitely set by Rutgers is closely integrated with current situation of global market based upon advanced expertise faculty, modernized facilities and feasible training opportunities. Except appropriate and quiet environment for academic study, Rutgers also pays attention to practices and offers the positions of internship in large-scale enterprises, which absolutely contributes to the cultivation of alumni’s capability for the professional career in the whole life.

Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Example

Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Example Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Abstraction In many instances. a individual must take between two or more â€Å"rights† that may or may non aline with both one’s lesson and ethical criterions. The care-based. rule-based. ends-based thought to get at a determination instead than apologizing after the fact are necessary for analysing ethical quandary ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. 2012. pp. 164-165 ) . The self-reflection needed to place one’s cardinal nature. and to understand the ethical motives. moralss and values one uses to do determinations are critical to going an reliable leader who is a moral director that serves the people that follow him or her ( Hughes. et. Al. pp. 152-153 ) . Ethical Self Reflection What is right? Ethical motives define personal character related to the thoughts of both right and incorrect. Ethical motives. while inherently linked to ethical motives and one’s moral duties. is a set of moral rules used in a societal system in which those ethical motives are applied. In other words. moralss point to criterions or codifications of behaviour expected by the group to which the person belongs. These criterions could be national moralss. societal moralss. company moralss. professional moralss. or even household moralss. So while a person’s moral codification is normally unchanging. the moralss he or she patterns can be dependent on exogenic factors non controlled by the person or the group to which the person belongs. Care-based thought describes what is normally referred to as the Golden Rule. â€Å"Do unto others as you want others to make to you† . of behavior and is most closely aligned with Aristotle’s Hagiographas refering felicity. Ar istotle writes in Nichomachean Ethics that. â€Å"If felicity is activity in conformity with virtuousness. it is sensible that it should be in conformity with the highest virtuousness ; and this will be that of the best thing in us† ( Aristotle. 1992. p. 7 ) . Therefore the thought of moralss does non get down with the ethical motives of either right or incorrect. but starts with the premiss that we all desire what is good or what seems so to us ( Brennan. 1992. p. 64 ) . Happiness. so. is to populate in an objectively good manner harmonizing to several virtuousnesss that conform to the best and most complete facets of human activity including wisdom. cognition. bravery. self-denial. munificence. and honest aspiration ( Brennan. pp. 65-67 ) . These virtuousnesss describe the character of a good individual whose Acts of the Apostless are ethically free. non compelled ; voluntary and non forced. Unlike Aristotle’s character based moralss. Immanuel Kant proposes a rule-based thought that actions of true moral worth are done when a individual does the right thing because it is right and non for what benefit the individual can acquire out of the act ( Hughes. et. Al. p. 165 ) . This type of believing mostly negates the external factors that may act upon a person’s disposition to wiegh the determination to move based on the greatest hapiness provided to thegreatest figure of people. When one takes the consequences or effects of an act into consideration moreso than the act’s rightness or inappropriateness. so the act can be said to be based on ends-based thought ( Hughes. et. Al. p. 165 ) . This thought is mostly based on Utilitariansim proposed by JohnStuart Mill in 1863 who defines it as: The credo which accepts as the foundation of ethical motives. Utility. or the Greatest Happiness Principle. holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to advance felicity. incorrect as they tend to bring forth the felicity. By felicity is intended supplication sure. and the absence of hurting ; by sadness. hurting. and the want of pleasance ( Mill. 1863. pp. 9-10 ) . Mill. nevertheless. did non suggest that the terminals of an action justified the agencies. for justness. to Mills. is paramount to the creative activity of good organisations and societies ( Mill. pp. 42-43 ) . The rule of ends-based thought or utilitarianism requires that each individual count for every bit much as the following. and that no individual adult male or adult female should be made to endure unfairness in order to increase the felicity of all the remainder ( Brennan. p. 98 ) . Determining why we say what we are traveling to state ; why we do what we are traveling to make ; and why we feel what we feel in an ethical quandary presupposes that moral pick is rational. However. â€Å"man is non a rational animate being ; he is a apologizing animal†¦ [ and ] one of the hardest things to believe is the abysmal deepness of human stupidity† ( Heinlein. 1953. p. 18 ) . This Sartrean trade name of existential philosophy is based on the thought that we act first. and so look around for ground afterward ( Brennan. p. 122 ) . This rationalizing does non run at the degree of our ain behaviour entirely. We. as societal animate beings. are prone to accommodate to the world as others find it. We tend to conform. even if. when rationally examined. the world of the group does non do sense. â€Å"To thine ain ego be true. and it must follow. as the dark the twenty-four hours. thou canst non so be false to any man† ( Shakespeare. Hamlet. Act I scene 3. 78-82 ) . Shakespeare provides Polonius a voice that resonates clearly in present contexts the importance of being true with one’s ethical motives and virtuousnesss. True. non in the Elizabethan sense of doing certain you had your place and fundss in order to let you to break aid others. but true in a sense of Plato’s axiom â€Å"Know Thyself† . Jean-Jacques Rousseau. whose name is strongly associated with the Enlightenment motion. believed that the cognition of oneself is the beginning of wisdom ( Brennan. J. . p. 75 ) . Deriving this c ognition requires self-reflection. Reflection links changed consciousness with changed action. Contemplation is a valuable portion of any worthwhile attempt. When one takes the clip to thoughtfully reflect about an experience. one is given the chance to larn from it. to bask success. understand failures. and to derive penetrations that will be helpful to you in future activities The cognition of ego is indispensable to enable leaders and followings who aspire to take to clear up their ain values as they model the manner for others to follow ( Barry P. . Kouzes J. . 2012 ) . However. raising the cloud of the false personal perceptual experiences we all build from the forepart of our observation lenses is no easy undertaking. Our inexplicit biass. in-group favouritism. claims of imagined recognition and misjudged struggles of involvement are the fuel to the clouds that provide us an over-inflated sense of ego ( Hughes R. L. . et Al. . 2012. pp. 161-163 ) Simple self-reflection or self-contemplation is utile when we are seeking to make up ones mind to do for dinner. During the 2012 Human Capital Institute ( HCI ) Learning and Leader Developm ent Conference. BG ( Ret ) Thomas Kolditz said that. â€Å"You can’t become in 30 seconds what you haven’t been in 30 years† ( Fakalata. 2012 ) . Whether a leader is in a corporate council chamber. watching the company’s monetary value point per portion autumn so low that you need a particular ticket into the New York Stock Exchange’s stinking underbelly to see how far it truly drop. or whether a leader is watching his ladder and hose crews conflict an industrial chemical fire near a suburban Alabama community. the state of affairss that test leading are besides the events that produce competent and selfless leaders driven by moral duty and societal scruples ( Kolditz. 2007 ) . Likewise. these same state of affairss produce the corporate and local authorities scoundrels that are ridiculed for their selfishness. incompetency. heedlessness and greed. Motive provides one the ground for making something and may be considered the â€Å"why† that inspires the â€Å"what† needs to be done ( Covey. 2006. p. 78 ) . Valuess are concepts stand foring generalised behaviours or provinces of personal businesss th at are considered by the person to be of import ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. 2012. p. 152 ) . With these definitions in head. one may surmise that values – what is of import to us – steer us to follow motivations that become seeable to others through our behaviour towards and with others to finish the â€Å"what† needs to be done. Loyalty to a leader is engendered when followings can put their full trust in leaders who are perceived as individuals with high moral unity ( Wakin. 1976. p. 587 ) . The moral duties one has influences the values that drive us toward a certain set of motivations that cause us to take action under changing fortunes. Leaderships who are consistent with their behaviours with regard to their sensed moral duties are viewed as holding high moral unity and worthy of trust. The ability of a individual to take a group is frequently dependent on the civilization and the group’s beliefs in right and incorrect – the ethical clime ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. p. 155 ) . For illustration. a individual who values money. cut d owning disbursals. recognizing net incomes. and maximising concern chances is motivated by finance or fiscal wealth. This individual. taking a group that values devotedness to responsibility. difficult work. and regard for authorization. may see trouble because the values are non shared and will seldom align to the tradition that motivates the group being led. The fiscal leader in a group of diehards may be viewed negatively because the obtaining fiscal success is considered the incorrect â€Å"why† to make work that requires – from the groups perspective – responsibility. trueness. difficult work and regard. In any context where leading is a critical constituent to success. moral absolutists whose values reflect rigorous attachment to a defined rule-based thought procedure may be viewed as sturdy and hide-bound. Likewise. a pragmatist or a individual that uses end-based thought to warrant actions may be viewed as one who uses any method to inadvisably accomplish the organisations ends and aims. In either instance. the denomination of absolutist or pragmatist may be viewed as a dyslogistic depending on what values are shared by the followings and the organisation. However. neither moral archetype account is sufficient when covering with human actions and the values that drive the motivations behind these actions. Truth-telling. promise-keeping. saving of life. regard for belongings may non be absolute moral duties. but they are non comparative either. Rather. as Hughes describes. the state of affairs significantly influences both the precedence of moral duties and the leading interaction between the leader and followings in a peculiar state of affairs ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. p. 26 ) . In footings possibly more easy understood. moral duties like promise-keeping may be at odds. depending on the state of affairs. with an equal cosmopolitan duty like continuing life. Neither duty is absolute and neither is comparative. nevertheless fortunes may originate when 1 must prioritise the duty that shapes what one values and provides the motivation to take action. Leadership is about acquiring consequences in a manner that inspires trust ( Covey. 2006. p. 40 ) . Trust of oneself. trust in the relationships we have with our components and the organisation of which we are portion. The means to carry through a undertaking and acquire the expected consequences are merely every bit of import as the terminals. Leaderships possessing a set of ethical motives consistent with the moralss of a given society ( organisation ) are better able to acquire consequences in a manner that maintains or increases trust. The non-conformists and the dissenters who openly oppose dominant societal attitudes and political orientations are non needfully more right or more rational. But we might take their unfavorable judgment as an chance for honorable self-reflection and scrutiny of even our most in a heartfelt way held positions of ourselves and our society. Congruity with ethical motives. values. motivations and behavior consequences in what we might name unity. There are no spreads between what the individual believes and how they act. and therefore we can swear t hat actions are done in conformity with who the person truly is. MentionsAristotle. ( 1992. January 3 ) . Nichomachean Ethics. The Internet Classics Archive. Ten. ( D. C. Stevenson. Ed. . A ; W. D. Ross. Trans. ) Cambridge. MA. United States. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //classics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. edu//Aristotle/nicomachaen. hypertext markup language Brennan. J. G. ( 1992 ) . Foundations of Moral Obligation ; The Stockdale Course. Newport. Rhode island: Naval War College Press. Covey. S. ( 2006 ) . The Speed of Trust: The One Thing ThatChanges Everything. New York. New york: Free Press. Heinlein. R. A. ( 1953 ) . Assignment in Eternity. NY. New York: Baen Publishing Enterprises. Hughes. R. L. . Ginnett. R. C. . A ; Curphy. G. J. ( 2012 ) . Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. New York. New york: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Mill. J. S. ( 1863 ) . Utilitarianism. London. England: Parker. Son and Bourne. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //play. Google. com/store/books/details? id=lyUCAAAA QAAJ A ; rdid=book-lyUCAAAAQAAJ A ; rdot=1 Wakin. M. M. ( 1976 ) . The Ethics of Leadership. American Behavioral Scientist ( Pre-1986 ) . 19 ( 5 ) . 567-588. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/194626859? accountid=12871

Paraphrase, Summary and Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paraphrase, Summary and Quotation - Essay Example It was defined by African Americans and given the name Lindy, Jitterbug, or swing. Most of World War II soldiers hailed from the city or the big towns in America by that time. Most rural areas did not have good educational systems and so the minimum requirements in educational cut the rural people. During that time, there were little interactions with other tribes, which prevented learning of other languages other than English. Prior knowledge on shooting did not add value to persons who wanted to join the troops. After joining the army, a soldier received a through shave and given uniforms called combats to keep neat like other soldiers. Additionally, new soldiers received a vaccine to protect them form diseases, viruses, and boost their immunity. The reason behind this is that a soldier’s work involved moving across regions with disease causing pathogens. Life of a Soldier in the World War II proved hard. First, the soldier underwent tough training to keep fit called â€Å"fatigues.† Secondly, World War II soldiers received training on different co mmands by harsh superiors who appeared prone to hardship. The passage records the life of an American soldier who qualified to fight in the World War II. He had distinct characteristics from the soldier of the World War I and spoke English. To qualify, one needed high school education, driving licence among other qualifications. Soldiers received special training after the selection process under a harsh commander. To become a soldier in the World War II, a soldier had to pass various requirements. According to Sulzberger, â€Å"When he went off to serve his country, he had had some high school education; he knew how to drive a car, how to swim, how to do the Jitterbug or The Big Apple or the Lindy† (Sulzberger 125). Other qualifications included ability to speak in English and he needed not have

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use Speech or Presentation

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use - Speech or Presentation Example This can be put into a few basic facts. Both Washington’s Initiative 502 and Colorado’s Amendment 64 which legalized cannabis for people aged 21 and above, proposed a relatively heavy taxation on the drug. They called for a 25 percent tax rate to be imposed on the product three times; from grower to processor, from processor to retailer, and from retailer to customer, (Smith 1). While it is not clear the amount of revenue this would raise, estimates for this measure are out at about $500 million. According to a study carried out by the Colorado Center on Law and Policy, about 13 percent of people in Colorado use the substance. This translates to about half a million people. By legalizing this retail market, the regulation could raise about $46 million in combined local and state revenue between excise and sale taxes. In California, a similar measure in 2010 known as Proposition 19 was estimated to earn $352 million in tax revenue annually, (Smith 1). This revenue can go to a state fund where it can fund the construction of schools. Besides raising revenue, marijuana is used for medical purposes. It is commonly referred to as medical marijuana. According to Stone (1), marijuana has long been utilized in treating ailments that are associated with inflammation and pain. It is also used to relieve symptoms that are related to chronic illnesses such as cancer. For example, for many decades, cannabis has been used to treat glaucoma. It usually lowers the intraocular pressure when treating glaucoma symptoms, and is more effective when smoked, ingested, inhaled, or administered intravenously. Also, the National Cancer Institute (1) recognizes cannabis and its components as a treatment for individuals with cancer-related symptoms. Besides these, medical marijuana has been associated with the treatment of AIDS, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, anxiety, and chronic pain. The legalization of marijuana could also significantly cut down on crime. On one hand, it i s illegal. On the other hand, the people demand and want to use it. This provides room for a middleman who carries out the illicit trade, and hence crime. Therefore, legalizing marijuana would mean that drug cartels will lose business, there will be less crime in borders since there is no need for trafficking, and crime will ultimately reduce in the streets and in the country. According to former Seattle police chief Stamper (1), this will free up police resources that can be focused on tackling other crimes such as robberies, burglaries, and sexual assaults. However, there needs to be guidelines that control the use of marijuana. These should be in form of legislations. One such legislation made in the California is the Medical Marijuana Regulation, Control and Taxation Act, which stipulates the guidelines for the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes. Other guidelines should include the amount of cannabis that a person can be in possession at any one time, or the number of mariju ana plants that one can plant at his or her backyard. These political guidelines need to be clearly set, implemented, and enacted. Without such guidelines, there would be a total mess with students even â€Å"puffing† on the school corridors just like cigarettes. Therefore, it means that once marijuana is legalized, society has to deal with it. Many opponents to the legalization claim that it draws the path to drug usage in the society. According to Citizens Against the Legalization of

Transactional Communication Essay Example for Free

Transactional Communication Essay Conversations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are talking simultaneously, each seeming to carry on a conversation with themselves more so than with each other. She is talking fast, looking at the air, her hand gestures extravagant and facial expressions flamboyant. He is leaned back, sunken into the chair comfortably, talking lowly, nodding his head in agreement at regular intervals, his voice running alongside hers. She is excited. He looks amused.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They sit close to each other in the corner of the cafà ©. Sounds from conversations hum in the air around them, the clinking and bustling of a busy cafà © a background to this conversation. Despite the multidimensional setting—the music playing in the speakers above, the couple to their left discussing baby names, the loud ring of the nearby telephone and the even louder server who answered it—these two talk as if they were alone at home, as if none of the loudness existed. They are celebrating. Crumbled remains of a chocolate fudge cake occupy the table space they share, and two large mugs of coffee sit pushed to the side, ready to be taken away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is where a server makes it big or loses out completely on a tip. Time is a factor in everything, and as a server you have to be willing to divide your time evenly among your tables so that you don’t fall in the weeds later. If you see one of your tables finished with their plates and cups, it’s your job to pick it up, and fast. It’s an opportunity to offer them anything else, and one more chance to make an impression, to make them like you. They’ve finished eating, and more importantly, she’s just eaten chocolate cake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So I bustle over and say, â€Å"Hey folks, can I get this out of your way?† Smiling, of course. You have to smile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She looks up at me, blinking, cross, brow furrowed. He moves forward, sitting up aggressively, brow furrowing, â€Å"What, man?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Can I get this out of your way?† I ask, cautiously, not sure what just happened here. I even lean in a little, my hands crossed behind my back so I look more servant-ly, less threatening.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mood cracks. She laughs. He smiles goofily in relief. He shakes his head. She puts her hand over her eyes. â€Å"We thought you said something else,† they both seem to say at the same time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When they leave, I find my tip—a measly $3—under the saltshaker. Apparently, noise is a factor, too. The external part of it, all those people’s voices charging the air around us, music swirling in between conversation, me asking to clear the plates; they thought I was hitting on her. Maybe I was smiling too much.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But he must have that internal part of it, the voices in his head that tell him she’s cheating on him with every guy that sees her. Why is that, I wonder? They were having such a nice conversation, and then I got there, and everything changed. What were they talking about? Being a server is about the closest thing you can be to a fly on the wall. They almost ignore you completely, until you buzz around them and ask if it’s okay to pick up their plates. Next time, I shouldn’t say anything, I should just pick it up.

An Overview of Reggae Music Essay -- Music

Reggae is a genre of music that originated in Jamaica during the late 1960s. It is known for the heavy and strong emphasis on the bass within the background beat. Reggae was perceived as a kind of music used to express feelings about the social, political, and economic hardships in Jamaica during the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was performed by musicians from black ghettos who used unhurried beats to make a style of music of their own. Reggae became an important part of the lifestyle of many Caribbean islanders; expressing a sense of pride of their Caribbean culture. Reggae was developed from ska and rocky steady. Ska consists of elements of Caribbean and mento, calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the upbeat. Rocky steady uses musical elements such as jazz, R&B, African and Latin drumming and other genres. It is noticeable by the counted off beats with a slow tempo. A reggae beat is most distinguishable by having a slow tempo, bass beat within the background with an up-tempo beat over it. If you count 1 2 3 4 to the beats, the instrument’s accent is played on the off beats; giving it a relaxed sound. Reggae music consists of a relatively small variety of instruments because of its distinct sound. Bass drums, drum symbols, and guitars are the most common instruments used to play reggae songs. Bongos are used to play broken patterns with the usage of African style rhythms. An important factor to understanding Reggae music is having knowledge about the history of Jamaica. In 1962, Jamaica gained its independence from the British. Around that time, reggae music began to become prominent within the music industry. The most important form of reggae w... ...ic is an important aspect of the many cultures in and outside of the Caribbean. It instills different moods into people and comes in various styles. It has been used to express oppression and joy. No matter how people make or hear reggae music; it will be a distinct sound that lures one’s feelings towards the unique culture. Works Cited Bays, Barry, P. Renee Foster, and Stephen King. Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control. University Press of Mississippi. United States of America. 2002. Chang, Kevin O' Brian, and Wayne Chen. Reggae Routes. Temple University Press. Philadelphia.1998 Jahn, Brian and Tom Weber. Reggae Island. Da Capo Press, Inc. New York. 1998 Latin Pulse Music, Inc. n.p. 2006-2011. Web. 2 April 2012. Sarno, Alberto, Sarno, Marcello. Reggaeton in Cuba. 2007. Sprachcaffe Sprachreisen.Web. 10 March 2012.

The Rise and Fall of Enron

The meteoric rise and fall of Enron is one of the most notorious tales in the history of corporate America. Enron was the seventh-largest company in the United States in 2000 and ‘Fortune' magazine had declared it as America's â€Å"most innovative company† for six straight years; its share price had climbed from $ 10 a share in 1991 to over $ 90 a share in August 2000 while its revenue jumped to more than $100 billion. (â€Å"Rise and Fall of an Energy Giant†) No one could have predicted that before the end of the following year the â€Å"rising star† of corporate America would be filing for bankruptcy, shaking investor confidence to the core and signalling the end of the longest bull-run in the American stock exchange's history. The ramifications of the dramatic collapse still reverberate in global financial and energy markets as well the U.S. courts, where a number of former Enron managers face serious criminal charges. This fairy tale rise and ignominious fall of Enron is the subject of this paper. The Pipeline and Energy Company: Enron Corporation was formed as a result of a 1985 merger of Houston Natural Gas (HNG) and InterNorth-a Nebraska based gas pipeline company. Kenneth Lay, CEO of HNG, became Enron's first CEO and proceeded to make it the first nationwide natural gas pipeline. Enron soon became involved in in the transmission and distribution of electricity in addition to gas in the US as well as the development, construction, and operation of power plants and pipelines worldwide. Its profits were, however, modest as in those days, energy was a government-sanctioned monopoly. (Lindstorm) Taking Advantage of Deregulation: Things began to change as the gas and electricity sectors were deregulated by the early 1990s. Kenneth Lay decided to take advantage of the deregulation and hired Jeffery Skilling a young consultant with a banking and liability management background, in 1990-making him the CEO of a new division in Enron- the Enron Finance Corp. The duo proceeded to transform Enron from a ‘boringly predictable' and regulated Gas Company into one of the largest energy traders in the US that would eventually dominate the trading of energy contracts and financial instruments known as derivatives. Trading Becomes the Mantra: As Enron's revenues sky-rocketed in its initial forays into wholesale buying and selling of gas and electricity, Skilling was emboldened to extend the trading concept into almost any commodity that could be traded, i.e., futures contracts in coal, paper, steel, water and even weather. Taking advantage of the growing use of the Internet, Enron started Enron Online (EOL) in October 1999-an electronic commodities trading Web site that was hugely successful almost overnight. Skilling hired the brightest talent from the top MBA schools and turned them into high-flying traders with incentives to â€Å"eat what they killed.† (Thomas, para on â€Å"The Best, the Brightest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) While the company grew rapidly through the 1990s, â€Å"some of the worst manifestations of its culture-obsessions with bonuses, the stock price and exotic accounting-were also growing, and out of control.† (Fowler, â€Å"Enron's Implosion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Enron did make huge profits for a short while due to highly volatile energy prices, and there was widespread perception in the company about the unlimited potential of online trade and technology innovations such as the broadband. Things started to change in the late 1990s. Other energy companies such as Dynergy, Duke Energy, and El Paso had entered the field of energy trading and the competition started to eat into the huge profit margins of Enron. Other factors such as falling energy prices in early 2001, the approaching worldwide recession and the broadband bubble burst began to work against Enron's ‘dream' run. The company, in the meantime, had embarked on a culture of cutting trading deals that had a momentum of its own that was hard to stop. Disregarding Ethics: Ethics at Enron was put on the back-burner as its corporate culture was focused on making â€Å"deals† and increasing Enron's share value. Skilling was relentless in his push for creativity and competitiveness, giving rise to â€Å"a growth-at-any-cost culture,† overriding all checks and balances, and suppressing all voices of caution. (Fowler) Its ‘ethics' was personified by Kenneth Lay's exercising of his stock options and pocketing profits, even as he was promoting Enron shares as a bargain to employees. It was also reflected in the action of some Enron executives who pressurized a brokerage company to take action against a broker who advised some Enron workers to sell their shares. (Wee, â€Å"Corporate Ethics†) Dubious Accounting: It was hardly surprising, therefore, that several Enron resorted to â€Å"innovative† accounting practices to show inflated profits and hiding their losses. Under Andrew Fastow (Enron's Chief Financial Officer) personal guidance, the company made use of thousands of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), some of them owned by Fastow himself, to â€Å"park† its troubled assets that were falling in value, so that the balance sheet continued to show growing profits. Conflict of Interest: Despite serious accounting irregularities, no one was prepared to blow the whistle because of conflicts of interest of several key players. Enron's auditor, Arthur Anderson was also its consultant and stood to gain from ‘seeing no evil'; Kenneth Lay was busy exercising his stock options before the share value fell. J.P. Morgan, while underwriting bonds for Enron, was involved in trading derivatives contracts with the company and had a substantial share in Enron stock. Andrew Fastow was making millions in profits by doing business with the firm through secret limited partnerships. As a result, although the fall of Enron when it filed for bankruptcy in December 2001 seemed stunningly sudden to most people, conditions for the collapse had been brewing for a long time.

The Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mary...

On February tenth, 1675, an Indian attack on Lancaster during King Philip’s War resulted in the capture of twenty-four people. Mary Rowlandson was among these captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes her journey through captivity is a test wrought by her God. Her deep desire to prove herself to her God comes through clearly in several situations which†¦show more content†¦Although she is quick to accept the events, it is merely because of her conviction that God allowed it to test Rowlandson’s perseverance. A lack of sympathy is shown in a few interactions with he r captors, as Rowlandson remembers how an Indian â€Å"had brought some plunder, came to me, and asked me, if I would have a Bible, he had got one in his basket. I was glad of it [†¦] so I took the Bible† (4), a much-appreciated gift. Upon returning from pillaging another English town, an Indian offers Mary Rowlandson a â€Å"gift† of a Bible, which he had stolen from a dead English townsperson. The use of the word â€Å"plunder† connotes the violent force used in obtaining the Bible, and works to enhance the situational irony of Rowlandson’s neglect of the fact that Indians murdered innocent people in order for her to receive her â€Å"gift.† Rowlandson’s Calvinist views, in this case having her believe God brought the Bible to her, outweighed any sympathy she may have once harbored for an anonymous English person. The intended demographic of reader undoubtedly would have agreed to place their God above any human person, no matter the circumstances. Furthermore, this idea presents itself when Rowlandson attempts to convince Goodwife Joslin, a pregnant captive who was becoming impatient and wanted to go home, not to run away, as she remembers, â€Å"I wished her not to run away by any means [†¦] We opened the Bible andShow MoreRelatedA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mary Rowlandson Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pageswe have discussed a few captivity narratives such as: John Smith, Mary Rowlandson, and Cotton Mather. From a personal standpoint, Mary Rowlandson’s captivity narrative was one of the best selections we have read in class thus far. It is a prominent source of biblical encouragement to those of the Puritan religion and some other religions that put God above all human and nature. Throughout the short story, a Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mary Rowlandson, it describes the elevenRead MoreA Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, by Ma ry Rowlandson1483 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† by Mary Rowlandson is a short history about her personal experience in captivity among the Wampanoag Indian tribe. On the one hand, Mary Rowlandson endures many hardships and derogatory encounters. However, she manages to show her superior status to everyone around her. She clearly shows how her time spent under captivity frequently correlates with the lessons taught in the Bible. Even though, the colonists possibly murderedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1422 Words   |  6 Pagesof twenty-four people. Mary Rowlandson was among these captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used a s a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes that her journeyRead More A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pressure to Assimilate in Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson There are times when assimilation is not a choice but rather something is forced. In circumstances such as being taken hostage, the ability to survive must come at the price of assimilating ones own customs into another lifestyle. In February of 1675 the Native Americans who were at war with the Puritans obtained hostage Mary Rowlandson of the Plymouth colony. During this timeRead MoreThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson reveals that the ghastly depiction of the Indian religion (or what Rowlandson perceives as a lack of religion) in the narrative is directly related to the ideologies of her Puritan upbringing. Furthermore, Rowlandsons experiences in captivity and encounter with the new, or Other religion of the Indians cause her rethink, and question her past; her experiences do not however cause her to redirect her life or change her idealsRead More Narr ative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1366 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson From the violent and brutal clash between Indians [1], and British colonists in Massachusetts during King Philips War (1675-6) grew a new literary genre. After their redemption, some colonists who had been prisoners of the Indians wrote autobiographical accounts of their experiences. These captivity narratives developed a large audience, and interest in the narratives continued into the nineteenth century.[2] After her captureRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1042 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† are both nonfiction narratives that describe the struggles of women in some form of captivity. The similarities between these two texts are in some ways incredibly obvious, for instance they are both written in the first person from the perspective of marginalized women struggling to merely survive. â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† specifically deals with the extreme level ofRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1031 Words   |  5 PagesMary Rowlandson Captivity and Spiritual Freedom The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, or also known as The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, written by Mary Rowlandson is a powerful captivity narrative. Mary Rowlandson gives a first person perspective about her experience of being held captive during King Phillip’s War. Rowlandson lost everything by an Indian attack on her town. The Indian’s over took the town of Lancaster, catching homes on fire, killing and capturingRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson982 Words   |  4 PagesA Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson The life one treasures and takes for granted today can be so easily erased in the blink of an eye and gone tomorrow. Therefore, not only is it important to cherish how one lives for today and now, but it’s also important to how one can overcome the misfortunes and hardships they may suffer; tragedy can make a person or break a person. Mary Rowlandson’s experience during her eleven weeks of captivity as documented in â€Å"A NarrativeRead MoreA Narrative On The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1670 Words   |  7 Pageswriting about the historical context of Mary Rowlandson’s, â€Å"A Narrative on the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson.† I am going to look at the entire historical background of Rowlandson’s narrative. The way I am going to explore this is how the readers back then would have interpreted Roland’s reference to Biblical verses, and her questioning of God’s role during her captivity. I pl an on using at least 2 sources for this assignment. Mary White Rowlandson was a colonial woman in America who